Circular Cities: What Are the Benefits of Circular Development?

If cities could become regenerative and adaptive urban ecosystems, in which resource loops were closed waste was obsolete, their ecological footprint would diminish. In addition, security increase, the health of populations improve greenhouse gas emissions be reduced. These are principle goals under-pinning circular city. Circular emerge through process development. development alters cities’ systems provision to enable practices inhabitants develop. This manifests as food construction, water nutrient recycling; reuse spaces pop-up activities; bioremediation contaminated sites integration blue-green infrastructure throughout cities. To transform our will require significant investment, political support public engagement. benefits adopting such an approach can identified, this begin make case for support. The research presented paper draws on inductive deductive content analysis relevant literature interviews with those implementing projects European (London, Paris, Amsterdam Stockholm). It provides a clear definition normative concept creates framework likely accrue from approach. points synergistic emerging also highlights problems around valuation benefits, unintended consequences inequalities accessing across society.